Electricity bill methodology

Formula

energy_bill = monthlyKwh × ratePerKwh (state-average basis); range from rate and kWh uncertainty

Default assumptions

Not included

• Fixed monthly customer/service charges are not modeled (basic mode)
• Taxes and regulatory fees are not modeled
• Tiered or time-of-use pricing is not applied (state-average single-rate basis)
• Solar export credits and net metering are not modeled
• This is an estimate of the energy portion of your bill, not a measured invoice

Change log

1.0.0: initial release. Basic mode — monthly kWh × state-average rate; range widens when kWh is estimated.

Reviewed by: methodology. Historical estimates are never overwritten when a methodology changes.